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To find this structure, these researchers used a couple of high-pressure devices, including a diamond anvil cell to compress their sample. Γ RDX is a high pressure form of RDX, that only exists at pressures greater than 4 GPa. Many explosives are small molecules, similar to pharmaceutical molecules like aspirin, and hence can also can form a number of crystal structures (polymorphs) under different conditions of pressure and temperature. How an explosive performs is dependent on many things, but one of these is its crystal structure and how the molecules fit together. RDX (which stands for Research Department Explosive) or its chemical name cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine was first discovered in 1898 in Germany and developed in the early 19 th century to be a more powerful explosive than TNT.

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Image generated by the Mercury crystal structure visualisation software Posted in Molecular Structures | Tagged Drug, Hamsers, molecular, Turner | Leave a reply Danger danger! A high-pressure explosive – γ RDX H.S.Yathirajan, B.Nagaraj, P.Nagaraja, M.Bolte, Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E, 2005, 61, o489. Polycarboxylic acids are often used in crystal engineering due to their ability to form strong interactions and can be used to help crystallise important drug molecules. From a crystallographic perspective, the structure contains a lot of hydrogen bonding interactions from the carboxylic acids of the citrate counter-anion to the cation, which contains a number of basic nitrogen sites, and to other citrate anions. The structure shown above is Viagra monohydrate (with the water not shown in the picture). This work won the Ig Nobel prize for aviation in 2007. What most people would not be aware of is that Viagra was also found to help hamsters to recover from jetlag. The active part of the drug is the complicated cationic species, which blocks an enzyme that has a detrimental effect on blood-flow to, well, we all know where to. Most people will have heard of sildenafil citrate by its trademark name – Viagra. Image generated with Crystal Maker software Accessed Posted in Historic Structures, Molecular Structures | Tagged Bevitt, chain-structure, Industry, Organic, Plastic | Leave a reply This is a Hard One – Sildenafil Citrate Structural Characterization of Blown Films of High Density Polyethylene and its Relationship to Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate. Density Functional Analysis of Impurities in Polyethylene. This property, a mixture of order and disorder, makes polyethylene and other polymers very difficult (but also very interesting) to study.

Bunn and co-workers at ICI determined that polyethylene formed materials that was about 50% amorphous and 50% crystalline. The recycling number for LDPE is 2.Įarly x-ray diffraction measurements by C.W. HDPE is used to make water bottles, water pipes, hard hats and garden furniture. HDPE has a greater density than LDPE and stronger intermolecular forces, thus is harder, more rigid and has a higher melting point. HDPE polymers have a low degree of branching that pack closely together in highly ordered or crystalline arrays.

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LDPE was first produced in 1933 by the free radical polymerisation process. LDPE is hence used to make cling wrap, food containers and playground slides.

The large distance between adjacent polymers weakens the intermolecular forces between polymers which are easily overcome, thus LDPE has a low melting point and is highly flexible. LDPE is composed of highly-branched polymer chains that do not pack closely together and are randomly oriented relative to one another, i.e. The repeating unit and chains of polyethylene.

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